Investigation of the Neuro-Regenerative Effects of Bioresonance and Magnetotherapy in Sciatic Nerve Damage-Induced Rats / Investigación de los Efectos Neurorregenerativos de Biorresonancia y Magnetoterapia en Ratas Inducidas por Daño del Nervio Ciático

SUMMARY: Peripheral nerve damage is a significant clinical problem that can lead to severe complications in patients. Regarding the regeneration of peripheral nerves, it is crucial to use experimental animals' nerves and use different evaluation methods. Epineural or perineural suturing is the gold standard in treating sciatic nerve injury, but nerve repair is often unsuccessful. This study aimed to investigate the neuroregenerative effects of magnetotherapy and bioresonance in experimental animals with sciatic nerve damage. In this study, 24 female Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=6) as follows: Group 1 (Control), Group 2 (Axonotmesis control), Group 3 (Anastomosis control), Group 4 (Axonotmesis + magnetotherapy), Group 5 (Anastomosis + magnetotherapy), Group 6 (Axonotmesis + bioresonance), Group 7 (Anastomosis + bioresonance). Magnetotherapy and bioresonance treatments were applied for 12 weeks. Behavioural tests and EMG tests were performed at the end of the 12th week. Then the rats were sacrificed, and a histopathological evaluation was made. The statistical significance level was taken as 5 % in the calculations, and the SPSS (IBM SPSS for Windows, ver.21) statistical package program was used for the calculations. Statistically significant results were obtained in animal behaviour tests, EMG, and pathology groups treated with magnetotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference in the groups treated with bioresonance treatment compared to the control groups. Muscle activity and nerve repair occurred in experimental animals with acute peripheral nerve damage due to 12 weeks of magnetotherapy, and further studies should support these results.

El daño a los nervios periféricos es un problema clínico importante que puede conducir a complicaciones graves en los pacientes. En cuanto a la regeneración de los nervios periféricos, es crucial utilizar los nervios de los animales de experimentación y diferentes métodos de evaluación. La sutura epineural o perineural es el gold estándar en el tratamiento de lesiones del nervio ciático, pero la reparación del nervio a menudo no tiene éxito. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos neuroregenerativos de la magnetoterapia y la biorresonancia en animales de experimentación con daño del nervio ciático. En el estudio, 24 ratas hembras Wistar se dividieron en 7 grupos (n=6) de la siguiente manera: Grupo 1 (Control), Grupo 2 (Control de axonotmesis), Grupo 3 (Control de anastomosis), Grupo 4 (Axonotmesis + magnetoterapia), Grupo 5 (Anastomosis + magnetoterapia), Grupo 6 (Axonotmesis + biorresonancia), Grupo 7 (Anastomosis + biorresonancia). Se aplicaron durante 12 semanas tratamientos de magnetoterapia y biorresonancia. Las pruebas de comportamiento y las pruebas de EMG se realizaron al final de la semana 12. Luego se sacrificaron las ratas y se realizó una evaluación histopatológica. El nivel de significación estadística se tomó como 5 % en los cálculos, y se utilizó el programa de paquete estadístico SPSS (IBM SPSS para Windows, ver.21). Se obtuvieron resultados estadísticamente significativos en pruebas de comportamiento animal, EMG y grupos de patología tratados con magnetoterapia. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los grupos con tratamiento de biorresonancia en comparación con los grupos controles. La actividad muscular y la reparación nerviosa, se produjeron en animales de experimentación con daño nervioso periférico agudo, debido a 12 semanas de magnetoterapia.Estudios adicionales deberían respaldar estos resultados.

Terapias físicas en pacientes con trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular / Physical therapies in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

RESUMEN Introducción: Se denomina trastorno temporomandibular al conjunto de condiciones musculoesqueléticas que afectan la articulación temporomandibular, los músculos de la masticación y las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de las terapias físicas en pacientes con trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. Métodos: Se efectuó una intervención terapéutica en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio de 2016 hasta febrero de 2020. La muestra quedó conformada por 264 pacientes distribuidos en 4 grupos con 66 integrantes cada uno, a quienes se les aplicaron diferentes terapias físicas, tales como ultrasonido, laserterapia, magnetoterapia y técnica de estimulación eléctrica transcutánea, respectivamente. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad, grado de trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular y efectividad terapéutica. Se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen y el estadígrafo de Ji al cuadrado con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino en todas las terapias aplicadas con más de 75,0 % y el grupo etario de 40 - 49 años. Al finalizar el tratamiento se observó que en los grupos donde se empleó ultrasonido, láser y magneto, la respuesta fue efectiva en más de 90,0 % de los pacientes, con primacía del primero (96,6 %); sin embargo, en el grupo donde se utilizó la técnica de estimulación eléctrica transcutánea solo se logró en 89,4 % de los afectados. Conclusiones: La ultrasonoterapia fue más efectiva en pacientes con trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A temporomandibular disorder is a group of musculoskeletal conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint, the mastication muscles and the adjacent anatomical structures. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the physical therapies in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Methods: A therapeutic intervention was carried out in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic from Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2016 to February, 2020. The sample was formed by 264 patients distributed in 4 groups with 66 members each one, to whom different physical therapies were applied, such as ultrasound, laser therapy, magnetotherapy and technique of transcutaneous electric stimulation, respectively. The following variables were analyzed: age, grade of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint and therapeutic effectiveness. The percentage as summary measure and the chi-squared test were used with a significance level of 0.05. Results: There was a prevalence of the female sex in all the therapies applied with more than 75.0 % and the 40 - 49 age group. When concluding the treatment it was observed that in the groups where ultrasound, laser and magneto was used, the response was effective in more than 90.0 % of the patients, with primacy of the first one (96.6 %); however, in the group where the technique of transcutaneous electric stimulation was used it was just achieved in 89.4 % of the affected patients. Conclusions: The ultrasonotherapy was more effective in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.

Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in patients with supraspinatus tendon tear

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), ultrasound (US), and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) combination with TENS and US therapy alone in patients with supraspinatus tear. METHODS: Forty patients were included in this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as follows: PEMF (n=20) and Sham (n=20) groups. PEMF was applied to the first group at a frequency of 50 Hz, 25 G intensity, and 20 min/session. The device was turned off while PEMF was applied to the second group. Diathermy (US) and electrotherapy (TENS) were applied to both groups for 10 sessions. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were used as outcome measures. RESULTS: In both groups, there was a significant improvement in the NRS, UCLA Shoulder Scale, and SPADI scores after treatment compared with pretreatment (p<0.05). In the comparison of the difference between the pretreatment and posttreatment measurement values between the groups, no significant difference was found between PEMF and Sham groups according to the NRS (p=0.165), UCLA Shoulder Scale (p=0.141), and SPADI (p=0.839) scores. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, a combination of PEMF therapy with conventional physical therapy modalities was not found to be superior to the conventional therapy alone, and adding it to the routine treatment of symptomatic supraspinatus tear would not provide any additional benefit.

Efectividad de la magnetoterapia en pacientes con trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular / Effectiveness of magnetotherapy in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

Introducción: Los trastornos temporomandibulares constituyen un conjunto de condiciones musculoesqueléticas que afectan la articulación temporomandibular, los músculos de la masticación y las estructuras anatómicas adyacentes. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la magnetoterapia en pacientes con trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular. Métodos: Se realizó una intervención terapéutica en la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio de 2016 hasta febrero de 2019. La muestra quedó constituida por 132 pacientes distribuidos en 2 grupos: A (de estudio) y B (de control), quienes recibieron tratamientos con magneto (N=66) y convencional, respectivamente. Se analizaron variables, tales como sexo, edad, grado de trastorno de la articulación temporomandibular y efectividad terapéutica. Se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen y el estadígrafo de Ji al cuadrado con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo femenino (69,7 %) y el grupo etario de 40 - 49 años (51,5 %). Al finalizar el tratamiento se observó que en el grupo A la respuesta fue efectiva en más de 90,0 % de los pacientes; sin embargo, en el grupo B solo se logró en un poco más de 70,0 %. Conclusiones: La magnetoterapia resultó efectiva en pacientes con trastornos de la articulación temporomandibular.

Introduction: The temporomandibular disorders constitute a group of musculo skeletal conditions that affect the temporomandibular joint, the masticatory muscles and the adjacent anatomical structures. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the magnetotherapy in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders. Method: A therapeutic intervention was carried out in Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatologic Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2016 to February, 2019. The sample was constituted by 132 patients distributed in 2 groups: A (study) and B (control) who received treatments with magneto (N=66) and conventional, respectively. Some variables were analyzed, such as sex, age, degree of the temporomandibular joint disorder and therapeutic effectiveness. The percentage as summary measure and the chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05 were used. Results: There was a prevalence of the female sex (69.7 %) and the 40 - 49 age group (51.5 %). When concluding the treatment it was observed that in group A the response was effective in more than 90.0 % of the patients; however, in group B it was achieved just in a little more than 70.0 %. Conclusions: The magnetotherapy was effective in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders.

Utilidad de la radiación electromagnética en el síndrome doloroso subcalcáneo / Value of Electromagnetic Radiation in Subcalcaneal Pain Syndrome

RESUMEN Introducción: La causa común de dolor en la región subcalcánea es la fascitis plantar. Por su efecto analgésico y antiinflamatorio, el empleo de la radiación electromagnética en su tratamiento constituye una opción terapéutica. Objetivos: Evaluar la utilidad de la radiación electromagnética en pacientes que presentaban síndrome doloroso en la región subcalcánea y relacionar la mejoría clínica con los grupos de edades y sexos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal a dos grupos de pacientes con dolor en la región subcalcánea. Para el análisis estadístico, al final del tratamiento se utilizó la prueba de homogeneidad λ2 con un nivel de significación de ά 0,05. Resultados: A las 20 sesiones de tratamiento, el 93,33 por ciento de los pacientes tratados con la radiación electromagnética no presentaron dolor, el 94,44 por ciento de ellos pertenecían al grupo de edades de 25-59 años y el 90,90 por ciento eran del sexo femenino. Conclusiones: Se evalúa de positiva la utilidad de la radiación electromagnética en el tratamiento del dolor en la región subcalcánea, con una diferencia significativa en relación con el tratamiento médico convencional. El mayor número de pacientes correspondió al grupo de edades entre 25 y 59 años, con predominio del sexo femenino(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The common cause of pain in the subcalcaneal region is plantar fasciitis. The electromagnetic radiation in its treatment constitutes a therapeutic option due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. Objectives: To assess the value electromagnetic radiation in patients who suffered pain syndrome in the subcalcaneal region and to relate the clinical improvement with age and gender groups. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of patients with pain in the subcalcaneal region. For the statistical analysis, the λ2 homogeneity test was used at the end of the treatment with a significance level of ά 0.05. Results: After a treatment of 20 electromagnetic radiation sessions, 93.33 percent did not had pain, 94.44 percent were in the 25-to-59-year-olds group and 90.90 percent were women. Conclusions: The value of electromagnetic radiation in the treatment of pain in the subcalcaneal region is positively assessed, showing significant difference in relation to conventional medical treatment. The largest number of patients corresponded to the 25-to-59-year-olds group, with a predominance of women(AU)

Efecto analgésico de la geoterapia comparado con magneto terapia, en pacientes con gonartrosis Centro de Medicina Complementaria de Essalud Trujillo / Analgesic effect of geotherapy compared with magnetotherapy in patients with gonarthrosis Centro de Medicina Complementar de Essalud Trujillo

Se comparó el efecto analgésico de la geoterapia y la magnetoterapia en pacientes con gonartrosis, del Centro de Medicina Complementaria de EsSalud Trujillo. Se revisaron 98 historias clínicas (casos: 49 tratados con geoterapia, testigos: 49 con magnetoterapia); el dolor fue valorado según la "Escala de análisis del proceso de confirmación diagnóstica EsSALUD" antes y después de las terapias. Con geoterapia, se evidenció en los casos antes del tratamiento, que el 100% de los pacientes tuvieron dolor (regular, <60%, promedio de 27%, valor máximo 30%, valor mínimo de 20%, DE:3,37%) y después de las 6ta sesión tratado con geoterapia, el 75% de pacientes mostró un valor bueno (>60% con un promedio de 76%, valor máximo de 95%, valor mínimo de 40%, DE: 16.74%), X 2 Mc = 35.03 p<0.01. Los pacientes tratados con magnetoterapia, el 100% inicia con dolor (regular <60%, promedio 29%, valor máximo 40%, valor mínimo de 20%, DE: 3,20%) y después de las 6ta sesión el 91% de pacientes mostró un valor bueno (>60% con un promedio de 79%, valor máximo de 95%, valor mínimo de 40% y DE 12.04%). X2 Mc =43.02 p<0.01, siendo los resultados estadísticamente significativos. Al comparar ambas terapias se observó que la magnetoterapia tuvo mejor efecto analgésico con X2 = 4.78 p<0.05 siendo estadísticamente menos significativo, Se concluye que la geoterapia tiene menor efecto analgésico que magnetoterapia en el tratamiento de gonartrosis.

Therapeutic evaluation of magnetic hyperthermia using Fe3O4-aminosilane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in glioblastoma animal model / Avaliação terapêutica da técnica de magneto-hipertermia utilizando nanopartículas de Fe3O4 recobertas com aminosilana em modelo animal de glioblastoma

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the potential of magnetic hyperthermia using aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in glioblastoma tumor model. Methods: The aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were analyzed as to their stability in aqueous medium and their heating potential through specific absorption rate, when submitted to magnetic hyperthermia with different frequencies and intensities of alternating magnetic field. In magnetic hyperthermia in vitro assays, the C6 cells cultured and transduced with luciferase were analyzed by bioluminescence in the absence/presence of alternating magnetic field, and also with and without aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. In the in vivo study, the measurement of bioluminescence was performed 21 days after glioblastoma induction with C6 cells in rats. After 24 hours, the aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were implanted in animals, and magnetic hyperthermia was performed for 40 minutes, using the best conditions of frequency and intensity of alternating magnetic field tested in the in vitro study (the highest specific absorption rate value) and verified the difference of bioluminescence before and after magnetic hyperthermia. Results: The aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were stable, and their heating capacity increased along with higher frequency and intensity of alternating magnetic field. The magnetic hyperthermia application with 874kHz and 200 Gauss of alternating magnetic field determined the best value of specific absorption rate (194.917W/g). When these magnetic hyperthermia parameters were used in in vitro and in vivo analysis, resulted in cell death of 52.0% and 32.8%, respectively, detected by bioluminescence. Conclusion: The magnetic hyperthermia was promissing for the therapeutical process of glioblastoma tumors in animal model, using aminosilane-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, which presented high specific absorption rate.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial da técnica de magneto-hipertermia utilizando nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro recobertas com aminosilana em modelo de tumores de glioblastoma. Métodos: As nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro recobertas com aminosilana foram avaliadas quanto à sua estabilidade em meio aquoso e a seu potencial de aquecimento pela taxa de absorção específica, quando submetidas à magneto-hipertermia, com diferentes frequências e intensidades de campo magnético alternado. Nos ensaios de magneto-hipertermia in vitro, as células C6 cultivadas e transduzidas com luciferase foram avaliadas por bioluminescência na presença/ausência do campo magnético alternado, como também com e sem nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro recobertas com aminosilana. No estudo in vivo, a medida de bioluminescência foi adquirida no 21º dia após indução do glioblastoma com células C6 nos ratos. Após 24 horas, as nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro recobertas com aminosilana foram implantadas no animal, tendo sido realizada a magneto-hipertermia por 40 minutos, nas melhores condições de frequência e intensidade de campo magnético alternado testado no estudo in vitro (maior valor da taxa de absorção específica); foi verificada a diferença do bioluminescência antes e após a magneto-hipertermia. Resultados: As nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro recobertas com aminosilana se mostraram estáveis, e sua capacidade de aquecimento aumentou com o incremento da frequência e da intensidade de campo magnético alternado. A aplicação da magneto-hipertermia, com 874kHz e 200 Gauss do campo magnético alternado, determinou o melhor valor da taxa de absorção específica (194,917W/g). Quando utilizados, estes parâmetros de magneto-hipertermia in vitro resultaram em morte celular de 52,0% e in vivo de 32,8% por bioluminescência. Conclusão: A técnica de magneto-hipertermia foi promissora para o processo terapêutico de tumores de glioblastoma no modelo animal utilizando as nanopartículas superparamagnéticas de óxido de ferro recobertas com aminosilana recobertas com aminosilana, que apresentaram alta taxa de absorção específica.

Millimeter wave exposure induces apoptosis in human melanoma A375 cells / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of millimeter wave (MMW) exposure on apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells and explore the mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Through electromagnetic field calculation we simulated MMW exposure in cells and calculated the specific absorption rate (SAR). The optimal irradiation parameters were determined according to the uniformity and intensity of the SAR. A375 cells were then exposed to MMV for 15, 30, 60, or 90 min, with or without pretreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor AC-DEVD-fmk (10 μmol/L) for 1 h at 90 min before the exposure. CCK-8 assay was used to assess the changes in the viability and Annexin-V/ PI staining was used to detect the apoptosis of the cells following the exposures; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of caspase-3 in the cells.@*RESULTS@#The results of electromagnetic field calculation showed that for optimal MMV exposure, the incident field needed to be perpendicular to the bottom of the plastic Petri dish with the antenna placed below the dish. CCk-8 assay showed that MMW exposure significantly inhibited the cell viability in a time-dependent manner ( < 0.05); exposures for 15, 30, 60, and 90 min all resulted in significantly increased apoptosis of the cells ( < 0.05). The cells with MMW exposure showed significantly increased expression of caspase-3. The inhibitory effect of MMW on the cell viability was antagonized significantly by pretreatment of the cells with AC-DEVD-fmk ( < 0.05), which increased the cell viability rate from (36.7±0.09)% to (59.8±0.06)% ( < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#35.2 GHz millimeter wave irradiation induces apoptosis in A375 cells by activating the caspase-3 protein.

Aplicación de magnetoterapia y craneopuntura en un paciente con cuadriparesia / Use of magnetotherapy and craneopuncture in a patient with quadriparesis

Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente con diagnóstico de cuadriparesia debido a una fractura vertebral cervical y compresión medular graves, producidas por una caída desde una altura de 2 metros. Según el examen físico, los estudios radiológicos y la aplicación de escalas neurológicas, presentaba pérdida total de la función motora, de la discriminación sensorial del dolor y de la temperatura por debajo del nivel de lesión. Debido a las secuelas de las lesiones traumáticas en el sistema nervioso central, se aplicó tratamiento bioenergético rehabilitador: magnetoterapia y craneopuntura, complementado con kinesioterapia y terapia ocupacional, y se obtuvo una mejoría de la fuerza, el tono muscular y la capacidad funcional, con coordinación de la marcha.

The case report of a patient with diagnosis of quadriparesis due to a cervical vertebral fracture and severe medullary compression, taking place due to a fall from a height of 2 meters is presented. According to the physical examination, the radiological studies and the use of neurological scales, he presented total loss of the motor function, of the sensorial discrimination of pain and of temperature under the lesion level. Due to the sequels of the traumatic lesions in the central nervous system, bioenergetic rehabilitative treatment was applied: magnetotherapy and craneopuncture, supplemented with kinesiotherapy and occupational therapy, and an improvement of the force, the muscle tone and the functional capacity, with coordination of walking was obtained.

Campo magnético de frecuencia extremadamente baja: Seguridad de su aplicación a nivel del sistema nervioso central / Magnetic field of extremely low frequency: Safety of its application at the level of the central nervous system

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular constituye un importante problema de salud a nivel mundial. En la actualidad se desarrollan investigaciones científicas dedicadas al estudio de los efectos del campo magnético de frecuencia extremadamente baja para su tratamiento. No es suficientemente clara la información acerca de su inocuidad en las dosis estudiadas. Objetivo: Estudiar la seguridad de la aplicación del campo magnético de frecuencia extremadamente baja a nivel del sistema nervioso central a través de un estudio toxicológico a dosis aguda, repetida y ensayo de micronúcleos en médula ósea. Métodos: Se conformaron tres grupos experimentales con ratas Sprague Dawley Cenp:SPRD jóvenes y sanas para los experimentos de toxicidad y ratones CENP: NMRI para la evaluación mutagénica. Se utilizaron controles negativos no tratados. En el ensayo de micronúcleos se incorporó un grupo control positivo al que se administró Ciclofosfamida por vía intraperitoneal. Se aplicó un campo magnético no homogéneo con niveles de inducción magnética de 6,5 y 15 mT, tomando como referencia el valor máximo sobre la superficie de la bobina. Para la aplicación del campo magnético la bobina estimuladora se colocó sobre la cabeza asegurando la exposición completa del encéfalo. Resultados: En ninguno de los ensayos se detectaron signos de toxicidad. Se comprobó así mismo que no se indujeron efectos genotóxicos ni citotóxicos sobre las células somáticas. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con campo magnético de frecuencia extremadamente baja a nivel del sistema nervioso central en las condiciones experimentales y dosis estudiadas es seguro(AU)

Introduction: Stroke is a major health problem all over the world. Nowadays are developed scientific researches devoted to the study of extremely low frequency magnetic field effects over this illness. The information about it safety is unclear yet. Objective: To study the safety of extremely low frequency magnetic field applied at central nervous system level wasby means ofa toxicological assay (Acute, repeated doses and micronucleus in bone marrow assay) Methods: Three experimental groups were made with Sprague Dawley Cenp: SPRD young and healthy rats for toxicity experiments and CENP: NMRI mice for mutagen evaluation. Untreated negative controls were used. In the micronucleus assay, an additional positive control group was included. This group received Cyclophosphamide by intraperitoneal administration. Was applied a non-homogenousmagnetic fieldof 6,5 and 15 mT, taken as reference the maximum value over the coil surface. The coil was positioned over the head, ensuring full exposure of brain to magnetic field. Results : In none of trials were detected any sign of toxicity. It was also found no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects induced on somatic cells. Conclusions : These results indicated the safety of treatmentwith extremely low frequency magnetic field at central nervous system level for experimental conditions and doses studied(AU)

Developing new methods of spinal cord injury treatment using magnetic nanoparticles in combination with electromagnetic field / Desenvolvimento de novos métodos de tratamento de lesões medulares que usam nanopartículas magnéticas em combinação com campos eletromagnéticos / Desarrollo de nuevos métodos de tratamiento de lesiones medulares que usan nanopartículas magnéticas en combinación con campos electromagnéticos

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the amount of loss of function after spinal cord transection of varying extents, and whether magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, in combination with an external magnetic field, improve the rate of subsequent functional recovery in rats. Methods: The animals were divided into groups with 50%, 80% and complete spinal cord transection. The animals of all three study groups were administered magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle suspension to the area of injury. The three control groups were not administered magnetic nanoparticles, but had corresponding transection levels. All animals were exposed to a magnetic field for 4 weeks. Loss of postoperative function and subsequent recovery were assessed using the BBB motor function scale and somatosensory evoked potential monitoring on the first day after surgery, and then weekly. Terminal histological analysis was also conducted in all the groups. Results: The animals in the control or complete transection groups did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in either the BBB scores or evoked potential amplitude over the four-week period. In the group with 50% transection, however, a statistically significant increase in evoked potential amplitude and BBB scores was observed four weeks after surgery, with the highest increase during the second week of the study. In the group with 80% transection, only improvement in evoked potential amplitude was statistically significant, although less pronounced than in the 50% transection group. Conclusion: The use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in combination with a magnetic field leads to higher rates of functional recovery after spinal cord injury in laboratory animals. The mechanism of this functional improvement needs further investigation.

RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a quantidade de perda de função depois de transecção de medula espinal de várias extensões, e se as nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de ferro combinadas a um campo magnético externo melhoram a taxa de recuperação funcional em ratos. Métodos: Os animais foram divididos em grupos com transecção de medula espinal de 50%, 80% e completa. Os animais dos três grupos do estudo receberam suspensão de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de ferro na região da lesão. Os três grupos controle não receberam as nanopartículas magnéticas, mas tinhas níveis de transecção correspondentes. Todos os animais foram expostos a um campo magnético durante 4 semanas. A perda de função pós-operatória e a recuperação subsequente foram avaliadas pela escala de BBB quanto à função motora e por monitoração do potencial somatossensorial evocado no primeiro dia depois da cirurgia e, a seguir, uma vez por semana. A análise histológica terminal também foi realizada em todos os grupos. Resultados: Os animais do grupo controle ou nos grupos transecção completa não demonstraram melhora estatisticamente significante tanto nos escores BBB quanto na amplitude do potencial evocado durante o período de quatro semanas. No grupo com transecção de 50%, porém, constatou-se um aumento estatisticamente significante da amplitude do potencial evocado e dos escores BBB quatro semanas depois da cirurgia, sendo o maior aumento durante a segunda semana do estudo. No grupo com transecção de 80%, só a melhora da amplitude do potencial evocado teve significância estatística, embora inferior à verificada no grupo com transeção de 50%. Conclusões: O uso de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de ferro combinadas com um campo magnético, leva a taxas mais altas de recuperação funcional depois de lesão da medula espinal em animais de laboratório. O mecanismo dessa melhora precisa ser mais investigado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la cantidad de pérdida de función después de transección de médula espinal de varias extensiones, y si las nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de hierro combinadas a un campo magnético externo mejoran la tasa de recuperación funcional en ratas. Métodos: Los animales fueron divididos en grupos con transección de médula espinal de 50%, 80% y completa. Los animales de los tres grupos del estudio recibieron suspensión de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de hierro en la región de la lesión. Los tres grupos control no recibieron las nanopartículas magnéticas, pero tenían niveles de transección correspondientes. Todos los animales fueron expuestos a un campo magnético durante 4 semanas. La pérdida de función postoperatoria y la recuperación subsiguiente fueron evaluadas por la escala de BBB cuanto a la función motriz u por monitorización del potencial somatosensorial evocado en el primer día después de la cirugía y, a continuación, una vez por semana. El análisis histológico terminal también fue realizado en todos los grupos. Resultados: Los animales del grupo control o en los grupos transección completa no demostraron mejora estadísticamente significativa tanto en los escores BBB como en la amplitud del potencial evocado durante el período de cuatro semanas. En el grupo con transección de 50%, sin embargo, se constató un aumento estadísticamente significativo de la amplitud del potencial evocado y de los escores BBB cuatro semanas después de la cirugía, siendo el mayor aumento durante la segunda semana del estudio. En el grupo con transección de 80%, sólo la mejora de la amplitud del potencial evocado tuvo significancia estadística, aunque inferior a la verificada en el grupo con transección de 50%. Conclusiones: El uso de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido de hierro combinadas con un campo magnético, lleva a tasas más altas de recuperación funcional después de lesión de la médula espinal en animales de laboratorio. El mecanismo de esa mejora precisa ser más investigado.

Neuropathic Pain Related with Spinal Disorders: A Systematic Review

Systematic literature review. To review the evidence from high-quality studies regarding the treatment of neuropathic pain originating specifically from spinal disorders. In general, treatment guidelines for neuropathic pain cover all its various causes, including medical disease, peripheral neuropathy, and cancer. However, the natural history of neuropathic pain originating from spinal disorders may differ from that of the pain originating from other causes or lesions. An expert research librarian used terms related to neuropathic pain and spinal disorders, disc herniation, stenosis, and spinal cord injury to search in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL for primary research from January 2000 to October 2015. Among 2,313 potential studies of interest, 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 21 systematic reviews (SRs) were included in the analysis. The selection was decided based on the agreement of two orthopedic surgeons. There was a lack of evidence about medication for radiculopathy arising from disc herniation and stenosis, but intervention procedures, including epidural block, showed positive efficacy in radiculopathy and also limited efficacy in spinal stenosis. There was some evidence based on the short-term follow-up regarding surgery being superior to conservative treatments for radiculopathy and stenosis. There was limited evidence regarding the efficacy of pharmacological and electric or magnetic stimulation therapies for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. This review of RCTs and SRs with high-quality evidence found some evidence regarding the efficacy of various treatment modalities for neuropathic pain related specifically to spinal disorders. However, there is a need for much more supportive evidence.

Ozonoterapia y magnetoterapia en pacientes con hernias discales / Ozone therapy and magnetotherapy in patients with herniated disk

Se efectuó un estudio de intervención terapéutica en 20 pacientes de 40-59 años de edad con hernia discal, atendidos en el Servicio de Rehabilitación del Policlínico Docente "Ramón López Peña" de Santiago de Cuba, desde agosto del 2013 hasta enero del 2014, con vistas a evaluar la eficacia de la ozonoterapia y la magnetoterapia. Se aplicaron escalas para el dolor, fuerza muscular, grado articular y capacidad funcional. Predominaron el sexo masculino (60,0 %), el grupo etario de 40-49 años (45,0 %), la región lumbar como localización anatómica (55,0 %), el esfuerzo lumbar (35,0 %) y la espondiloartrosis (30,0 %) como antecedentes patológicos personales más comunes. Al finalizar el tratamiento hubo mejoría en 85,0 % de los afectados, lo cual demostró que la combinación de ambas terapias fue efectiva para elevar sus capacidades física y funcional.

A therapeutic intervention study was carried out in 20 patients aged 40 to 59 with herniated disk, assisted in the Rehabilitation Service of "Ramón López Peña" Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba, from August, 2013 to January, 2014, aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of ozone therapy and magnetotherapy. Scales were applied for the pain, muscular force, articular degree and functional skills. The male sex (60.0 %), the 40-49 age group (45.0%), the lumbar region as anatomical localization (55.0 %), the lumbar effort (35.0 %) and the spondyloarthrosis (30.0 %) prevailed as most common personal pathological history. When concluding the treatment there was improvement in 85.0 % of those affected, which demonstrated that the combination of both therapies was effective to elevate their physical and functional skills.

Eficacia de la magnetoterapia en pacientes ecuatorianos con síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro / Effectiveness of the magnetotherapy in Ecuadorian patients with shoulder impingement syndrome

Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, longitudinal y prospectivo, en 60 pacientes con síndrome de pinzamiento del hombro, atendidos en la consulta de Rehabilitación del Hospital "José María Velasco Ibarra", en la ciudad de Tena, Ecuador, desde agosto del 2014 a marzo del 2015, con vistas a determinar la eficacia de la magnetoterapia en ellos. El funcionamiento del hombro fue evaluado con el test de Constant-Murley, que se aplicó antes y después del tratamiento, y en el procesamiento estadístico de la información los resultados obtenidos mediante el cálculo porcentual se compararon a través de la prueba de homogeneidad marginal de Stuart-Maxwell, con 95 % de confiabilidad. En la serie predominaron el sexo femenino (63,3 %), el grupo etario de 60 y más años (41,8 %) y la bursitis subacromial (46,6 %) como principal causa de la afección. La rápida evolución de los pacientes demostró la eficacia de la magnetoterapia, por lo que se recomienda su empleo en estos casos.

A quasi-experiment, longitudinal and prospective study, in 60 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome, assisted in the Rehabilitation Service of "José María Velasco Ibarra" Hospital, in Tena city, Ecuador, was carried out from August, 2014 to March, 2015, aimed at determining the effectiveness of magnetotherapy in them. The shoulder performance was evaluated with the Constant-Murley test that was applied before and after the treatment, and in the statistical processing of the information the results obtained by means of the percentage calculation were compared through the Stuart-Maxwell marginal homogeneity test, with 95% of confidence. In the series the female sex (63.3%), the age group of 60 years and over (41.8%) and the subacromial bursal synovitis (46.6%) prevailed as main cause of the disorder. The quick clinical course of the patients demonstrated the effectiveness of the magnetotherapy, reason why its use is recommended in these cases.

Efeitos da magnetoterapia no tratamento da dor na osteoartrose de joelho / Effects of magnetotherapy no pain treatment in knee osteoarthrosis

Introdução: A osteoartrose de joelho é caracterizada pela presença de dor. A magnetoterapia é um recurso utilizado para alívio de dor. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os efeitos da magnetoterapia no tratamento da dor em pacientes com osteoartrose de joelho. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental, na qual foram selecionados 2 grupos de 10 voluntários, com diagnóstico clínico de OA. Foram submetidos à 7 semanas de intervenção, G1 associado a um programa de exercícios terapêuticos e G2 com o programa de exercícios associados a magnetoterapia. A avaliação foi realizada através "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities" (WOMAC), do "Timed up and go" (TUG) e da escala analógica (EVA). Resultados: Observou-se que o estudo apresentou diferença estática significativa entre as variáveis *p<0,05 e **p<0,01 para diminuição da dor, rigidez e melhoria da capacidade funcional dos pacientes. Conclusão: A magnetoterapia promove redução da dor e melhora da capacidade funcional de pacientes com osteartrose de joelho.

Introduction: The knee osteoarthritis is characterized by the presence of pain. The magneto therapy is a resource used for pain relief. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of magnetic therapy in the treatment of pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: This is a clinical trial, which were selected two groups of 10 volunteers with a clinical diagnosis of osteoarthristis. They underwent seven weeks of intervention, G1 with a therapeutic exercise program and G2 with the exercise program associated with magnet therapy. The evaluation was conducted by "Western Ontario and McMaster Universities" (WOMAC), the "Timed up and go" (TUG) and analog scale (VAS). Results: It was observed that the study showed significant static difference between the variables * p <0.05 and ** p <0.01 for decrease in pain, stiffness and improving the functional capacity of patients. Conclusion: the magnetic therapy promotes reducing pain and improving functional capacity of patients with osteoarthrosis of knee.

Effects of a buried magnetic field on cranial bone reconstruction in rats

ABSTRACT The understanding of bone repair phenomena is a fundamental part of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of buried magnetic field stimulation on bone repair in rat calvaria after reconstruction with autogenous bone grafts, synthetic powdered hydroxyapatite, or allogeneic cartilage grafts, with or without exposure to magnetic stimulation. Material and Methods Ninety male Wistar rats were divided into 18 groups of five animals each. Critical bone defects were created in the rats’ calvaria and immediately reconstructed with autogenous bone, powdered synthetic hydroxyapatite or allogeneic cartilage. Magnetic implants were also placed in half the animals. Rats were euthanized for analysis at 15, 30, and 60 postoperative days. Histomorphometric analyses of the quantity of bone repair were performed at all times. Results These analyses showed significant group by postoperative time interactions (p=0.008). Among the rats subjected to autogenous bone reconstruction, those exposed to magnetic stimulation had higher bone fill percentages than those without magnetic implants. Results also showed that the quality of bone repair remained higher in the former group as compared to the latter at 60 postoperative days. Conclusions After 60 postoperative days, bone repair was greater in the group treated with autogenous bone grafts and exposed to a magnetic field, and bone repair was most pronounced in animals treated with autogenous bone grafts, followed by those treated with powdered synthetic hydroxyapatite and allogeneic cartilage grafts.

Effects of 1.8 mT sinusoidal alternating electromagnetic fields of different frequencies on bone biomechanics of young rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

To study the effects of 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic fields of different frequencies on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties in young rats.A total of 32 female SD rats (6-week-old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (8 in each):control group, 10 Hz group, 25 Hz group and 40 Hz group. The experimental groups were given 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field intervention 90 min per day. The whole body BMD of rats was detected with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention. After 8 weeks of intervention, all rats were sacrificed, and the BMD of femur and lumbar vertebra, the length and diameter of femur, the width between medial and lateral malleolus were measured. Electronic universal material testing machine was used to obtain biomechanical properties of femur and lumbar vertebra, and micro CT scan was performed to observe micro structures of tibial cancellous bone.Compared with the control group, rats in 10 Hz and 40 Hz groups had higher whole body BMD, BMD of femur, maximum load and yield strength of femur, as well as maximum load and elastic modulus of lumbar vertebra (all<0.05). But no significant differences in the length and diameter of femur, and the width between medial and lateral malleolus were observed between control group and experimental groups (all>0.05). Micro CT scan showed that the trabecular number and separation degree, bone volume percentage were significantly increased in 10 Hz and 40 Hz groups (all<0.01). Rats in 25 Hz group also had higher BMD and better in biomechanical properties than control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (all>0.05).10 and 40 Hz of 1.8 mT sinusoidal electromagnetic field can significantly improve the bone density, microstructure and biomechanical properties in young rats.

Control observation between mild moxibustion and TDP for obsolete collateral ligament injury of interphalangeal joints / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effects between mild moxibustion and specific electromagnetic spectrum therapy apparatus (TDP) for obsolete collateral ligament injury of interphalangeal joints.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were randomly divided into a mild moxibustion group and a TDP group, 30 cases in each one. In the mild moxibustion group, pure moxa sticks were used at the affected digital joints locally for 20-30 min a time. In the TDP group, TDP was applied at the affected digital joints locally for 20-30 min a time. The treatment was given once a day for two courses, and 10-day treatment was made into a course. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, swelling degree of the affected digital joints before and after treatment were observed and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The excellent rate was 56.7% (17/30) and the excellent and, good rate was 83.4% (25/30) in the mild moxibustion group,which were better than 36.7% (11/30) and 76.7% (23/30) in the TDP group respectively (both P < 0.01). After treatment the score of VAS and digital joints swelling degree were improved than those before treatment in the two groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the improvements of the mild moxibustion group were better than those of the TDP group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mild moxibustion can apparently relieve the painful and swelling degree of obsolete collateral ligament injury of interphalangeal joints, which is superior to TDP.</p>

Atención multidisciplinaria con terapia avanzada y de recurso a pacientes con pie diabético en Mayabeque / Multidisciplinary care with advanced therapy and resource therapy to treat patients with diabetic foot in Mayabeque province

Introducción: en San José de las Lajas, provincia Mayabeque, comenzó la consulta especializada en pie diabético el 5 de marzo de 2013. Objetivo: describir el modelo de atención a pacientes con pie diabético utilizado en la consulta. Métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en 113 pacientes con pie diabético que acudieron a la consulta especializada en Mayabeque, entre el 5 de marzo de 2013 y el 6 de junio de 2014. 77 se trataron con Heberprot-P®, en 6 diabéticos que presentaron alguna contraindicación para su aplicación se utilizaron las terapias de recurso (en 5 pacientes ozonoterapia y en uno campo magnético) y 30 pacientes fueron asistidos por presentar un pie de alto riesgo. Resultados: el patrón de atención tuvo un enfoque integral de salud en todas sus esferas y en coordinación con todos los niveles de atención. El 36,4 por ciento de los tratados con Heberprot-P® presentaba un pie diabético Wagner 3. No se registraron amputaciones mayores y todos finalizaron curados. El promedio de días de tratamiento fue de 22,5 días. El 26 por ciento presentó eventos adversos, todos de intensidad leve. El desenlace final del grupo tratado con terapias de recurso fue favorable. En los pacientes que se identificaron deformidades podálicas se coordinó su atención con ortopedia técnica. Conclusiones: se consideran buenos los resultados obtenidos en los pacientes con la aplicación del modelo de atención multidisciplinaria utilizado. Es necesario continuar realizando estudios con métodos físicos en el tratamiento del pie diabético y con las acciones para elevar el nivel de conocimiento sobre pie de riesgo(AU)

Introduction: the specialized service for diabetic foot began on March 5th, 2013 in San Jose de Las Lajas, Mayabeque province. Objective: to describe the pattern of care to patients with diabetic foot used in this service. Methods: retrospective and descriptive study of 113 patients with diabetic foot, who went to the specialized service in Mayabeque province from March 5, 2013 to June 6th 2014. Seventy seven were treated with Heberprot-P®, 6 diabetics received resource treatment (5 with ozone therapy and one with magnetic field) because this product was contraindicated and 30 patients were cared for since they presented with high risk foot. Results: the pattern of care showed integral health approach in all the spheres and co-ordinated with all the levels of care. In the group, 36.4 percent of the Heberprot-P®-treated ones presented a Wagner 3 diabetic foot. Major amputations were not reported and all of them healed. The average length of treatment was 22.5 days. Mild adverse events were observed in 26 percent of cases. The final outcome of the treated group with resource therapies was favourable. Those patients with foot deformities were managed with orthopedic techniques. Conclusions: the results were considered to be good in patients under the multidisciplinary pattern of care. Further studies about the physical methods involved in the treatment of diabetic foot and the actions aimed at raising the level of knowledge on risky foot are needed(AU)

Clinical study of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy treated with massage therapy combined with Magnetic sticking therapy at the auricular points and the cost comparison / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the clinical efficacy on cervical spondylotic radiculopathy between the combined therapy of massage and magnetic-sticking at the auricular points and the simple massage therapy, and conduct the health economics evaluation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two patients of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy were randomized into a combined therapy group, and a simple massage group, 36 cases in each one. Finally, 35 cases and 34 cases were met the inclusive criteria in the corresponding groups separately. In the combined therapy group, the massage therapy and the magnetic sticking therapy at auricular points were combined in the treatment. Massage therapy was mainly applied to Fengchi (GB 20), Jianjing (GB 21), Jianwaishu (SI 14), Jianyu (LI 15) and Quchi (LI 11). The main auricular points for magnetic sticking pressure were Jingzhui (AH13), Gan (On12) Shen (CO10), Shenmen (TF4), Pizhixia (AT4). In the simple massage group, the simple massage therapy was given, the massage parts and methods were the same as those in the combined therapy group. The treatment was given once every two days, three times a week, for 4 weeks totally. The cervical spondylosis effect scale and the simplified McGill pain questionnaire were adopted to observe the improvements in the clinical symptoms, clinical examination, daily life movement, superficial muscular pain in the neck and the health economics cost in the patients of the two groups. The effect was evaluated in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The effective rate and the clinical curative rate in the combined therapy group were better than those in the control group [100. 0% (35/35) vs 85. 3% (29/34), 42. 9% (15/35) vs 17. 6% (6/34), both P<0. 05]. The scores of the spontaneous symptoms, clinical examnation, daily life movement and superficialmuscular pain in the neck were improved apparently after treatment as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0. 001). In terms of the improvements in the spontaneous symptoms, clinical examination total scores and superficial muscular pain in the' neck were more significant in the combined therapy group as compared with those in the simple massage group (P<0. 05, P<0. 01, P<0. 001). The cost at the unit effect in the combined therapy group was lower than that in the simple massage group (P<0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with the simple massage therapy, the massage therapy combined with magnetic sticking therapy at auricular points achieves the better effect and lower cost in health economics.</p>